In the IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, candidates often encounter diagrams or flowcharts representing processes.

Describing these processes effectively requires a strong command of vocabulary and appropriate phrases to convey the order and sequence of the stages.

This article will explore essential vocabulary and phrases for describing processes, including words like “firstly, next, then, finally,” along with examples and sample answers.

1. Firstly:

“Firstly” is a valuable word to indicate the initial stage of the process. It establishes the starting point and sets the order of the subsequent stages. Here’s an example:

Example:

The Water Purification Process Firstly, raw water is drawn from the source and directed to the treatment facility through an intake pipe.

In this example, “firstly” introduces the beginning of the water purification process, highlighting the first action taken.

2. Next:

“Next” is a transition word that indicates the subsequent stage or step in the process. It helps maintain a clear progression and connect the stages smoothly. Consider the following example:

Example:

The Production of Paper Firstly, wood chips are soaked in water to soften them. Next, the softened chips are mechanically pulped or chemically treated to separate the fibres.

In this example, “next” links the soaking stage with the subsequent action of pulping or treating the wood chips.

3. Then:

“Then” is another commonly used word to show the order of events or stages. It signifies the immediate sequential step following the previous action.

Example:

The Manufacturing of Cars First, steel sheets are cut into specific shapes using computer-controlled machines. Then, the pieces are assembled by workers on the assembly line.

In this example, “then” indicates the progression from cutting the steel sheets to the subsequent stage of assembling the pieces.

4. Finally:

“Finally” is a word that denotes the last stage or step of the process. It signifies the endpoint or the ultimate action in the sequence.

Example:

The Construction of a Building Firstly, the foundation is laid, and the structural framework is erected. Next, the walls and roof are constructed. Then, the interior finishing work takes place. Finally, the building is inspected for safety and handed over to the owner.

In this example, “finally” marks the culmination of the construction process, indicating the last action performed before completion.

Sample Answer:

The given diagram illustrates the process of coffee production.

To describe the stages effectively, the following vocabulary and phrases are utilized:

Firstly, the coffee cherries are picked from the trees by hand. Next, the cherries are sorted based on their quality and ripeness. Then, they undergo a washing process to remove any impurities. Subsequently, the washed cherries are placed on drying beds or in drying machines to remove moisture. Finally, the dried cherries are roasted to enhance flavour and aroma.

In this sample answer, the vocabulary and phrases like “firstly, next, then, finally” are used to clearly demonstrate the order and sequence of the stages in the coffee production process.

In conclusion, using appropriate vocabulary and phrases is essential for describing processes accurately in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. Words such as “firstly, next, then, finally” help establish the stages’ order and progression, ensuring a clear and coherent description.

Practice incorporating these vocabulary and phrases into your writing to enhance your ability to describe processes effectively.