In the IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, candidates often encounter diagrams or flowcharts representing processes. Describing these processes accurately is key to achieving a high score.

One important aspect of describing processes effectively is understanding how to use passive and active voices.

In this article, we will explore passive and active voice use when describing processes, along with examples and sample answers.

1. Passive Voice:

Passive voice is commonly used in task 1 when the emphasis is on the object or the result of the action rather than the doer of the action. It can be used to highlight the process itself rather than the specific individuals or entities involved.

Here’s an example:

Example: The Water Purification Process Stage 1:

Raw water is drawn from the source and directed to the treatment facility through an intake pipe.

In this stage, the passive voice “is drawn” and “is directed” emphasizes the action of the water being moved rather than who or what is doing the action.

2. Active Voice:

Active voice is used when the focus is on the doer of the action or when it is important to specify who or what is performing the action. It provides a more direct and concise way of describing the process. Consider the following example:

Example: The Production of Paper Stage 1:

Workers soak wood chips in water to soften them.

In this stage, the active voice “workers soak” clearly indicates who is performing the action and directly describes the process.

3. Combined Use of Passive and Active Voice:

In some cases, a combination of passive and active voice may be used to provide a comprehensive description of the process. This allows for variation and adds depth to your writing.

Let’s look at an example:

Example: The Manufacturing of Cars Stage 1:

Steel sheets are cut into specific shapes using computer-controlled machines, and the pieces are assembled by workers on the assembly line.

In this stage, the passive voice “steel sheets are cut” emphasizes the action itself, while the active voice “workers assemble” highlights the role of the individuals involved in the process.

Sample Answer:

The given diagram illustrates the process of chocolate production. The process comprises four main stages, each described using passive and active voice as appropriate.

In the first stage, cocoa beans are harvested from the trees and collected in baskets by farmers. This stage uses the passive voice to emphasize the action of gathering the beans.

Moving on to the second stage, the beans are roasted at high temperatures to develop their flavours. In this stage, the active voice highlights the roasting action.

The third stage involves grinding the roasted beans into a paste. This action is described using the active voice, indicating the direct involvement of the workers in the grinding process.

Finally, in the fourth and last stage, the paste is moulded into chocolate bars and packaged for distribution.

Here, the passive voice shifts the focus onto the moulding and packaging actions.

A comprehensive overview of the chocolate production process is provided by employing both passive and active voice in the description, ensuring clarity and accuracy.

In conclusion, understanding when to use passive and active voices is crucial in effectively describing processes in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. The choice of voice depends on the emphasis you want to place and the information you want to convey.

Practice using both voices to enhance your descriptive skills and create well-rounded responses.