The population size, birth rate and the death rate of England and Wales from 1700 to 2000

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - LineGraph

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IELTS Writing Task 1 Question

The line graph below shows the population size, birth rate and the death rate of England and Wales from 1700 to 2000. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Common Questions for the Line Graph

1. Graph Type: Line Graph

2. Title: Population Size, Birth Rate, and Death Rate of England and Wales (1700-2000)

3. Units of Measurement: Population in millions; Birth and Death Rates per 1,000 people

4. Who: Population of England and Wales

5. When: 1700 to 2000

6. Where: England and Wales

7. Topic: Trends in population size, birth rate, and death rate over 300 years

Comparison Showing and Trends Any change over time (such as an increase or a decrease) is a trend.

Comparison 1 : Population Size

Details:

1. The population increased dramatically from 2.5 million in 1700 to 50 million in 2000.

2. A period of stability occurred between 1750 and 1800.

Comparison 2: Birth and Death Rates (1700-1950)

Details:

1. Both rates rose between 1700 and 1750 (birth rate: 30 to 40; death rate: 27 to 37 per 1,000 people).

2. Stability was observed for the next 50 years.

3. Both rates declined sharply, reaching an all-time low of around 20 per 1,000 people by 1950.

Comparison 3 : Birth and Death Rates (1950-2000)

Details:

The death rate remained stable at approximately 20 per 1,000 people.
The birth rate increased dramatically from 22 to 35 per 1,000 people.

Sample Answer

The line graph illustrates the population size and compares England and Wales’s birth and death rates over 300 years, from 1700 to 2000.

Overall, the population grew significantly throughout the period, while both birth and death rates fluctuated. The birth rate showed a marked increase toward the end of the period, whereas the death rate remained stable after 1950.

From 1700 to 1750, both birth and death rates increased, with the birth rate rising from 30 to 40 per 1,000 people and the death rate climbing from 27 to 37 per 1,000 people. Stability characterised the next 50 years, but from 1800 to 1950, both rates declined sharply, reaching approximately 20 per 1,000 people.

Between 1950 and 2000, the death rate stabilised at around 20 per 1,000 people. In contrast, the birth rate surged from 22 to 35 per 1,000 people, diverging from earlier trends. Over the same period, the population size rose dramatically from 2.5 million in 1700 to 50 million in 2000, despite a short plateau from 1750 to 1800.

Top 27 Vocabularies

Vocabulary	Type	Meaning	Synonyms	Examples
Mortality	Noun	Death rate in a population	Fatality, death toll	“The mortality rate stabilized after 1950.”
Stability	Noun	The state of being steady and unchanging	Constancy, steadiness	“A period of stability was observed from 1750 to 1800.”
Escalation	Noun	A rapid increase in amount or extent	Surge, growth	“The 300 years saw a dramatic escalation in population.”
Dramatic	Adjective	Noticeable and significant	Striking, substantial	“The dramatic rise in birth rate after 1950 was notable.”
Plateau	Noun	A period of little or no change	Leveling, flat phase	“The population showed a short plateau from 1750 to 1800.”
Illustrates	Verb	To explain or make clear with examples or visuals	Depicts, Shows	“The line graph illustrates population trends over 300 years.”
Fluctuated	Verb	To change frequently and unpredictably	Vary, Shifted	“The birth and death rates fluctuated over the years.”
Marked	Adjective	Noticeable or clearly significant	Pronounced, Distinct	“The birth rate showed a marked increase toward the end of the period.”
Stable	Adjective	Unchanging, steady, or consistent over time	Steady, Constant	“The death rate remained stable after 1950.”
Climbed	Verb	To increase or rise in a gradual or steady manner	Increased, Rose	“The birth rate climbed from 30 to 40 per 1,000 people.”
Characterised	Verb	To describe or define the qualities or features of something	Defined, Described	“Stability characterised the next 50 years.”
Diverging	Verb	Moving or developing in different directions	Separating, Departing	“The birth rate surged, diverging from earlier trends.”
Surged	Verb	To rise or increase suddenly and significantly	Soared, Spiked	“The birth rate surged from 22 to 35 per 1,000 people.”
Sharp	Adjective	Sudden and intense in change or movement	Steep, Sudden	“Both rates declined sharply from 1800 to 1950.”
Reaching	Verb	To arrive at or attain a particular level or point	Attaining, Hitting	“The birth rate reached approximately 20 per 1,000 people in 1800.”
Declined	Verb	To decrease or reduce over time	Dropped, Reduced	“The death rate declined sharply between 1800 and 1950.”
Period	Noun	A specific duration of time	Interval, Span	“From 1800 to 1950, both birth and death rates declined.”
Surpassing	Verb	To exceed or go beyond a certain limit or level	Exceeding, Outdoing	“The population size surpassed 50 million by 2000.”
Demonstrating	Verb	Showing clearly or proving something	Illustrating, Displaying	“The data demonstrated a significant rise in population size.”
Shifted	Verb	Moved or changed in position or direction	Changed, Altered	“The birth rate shifted dramatically after 1950.”
Rise	Noun/Verb	A steady or gradual increase	Increase, Growth	“The population saw a steady rise from 1700 to 2000.”
Surpassing	Verb	Exceeding in amount or number	Overcoming, Outpacing	“The population surpassed 50 million by 2000.”
Significantly	Adverb	To a great or important degree	Considerably, Markedly	“The population grew significantly over the 300 years.”
Observed	Verb	Noticed or witnessed, typically over a period of time	Seen, Recorded	“A period of stability was observed between 1750 and 1800.”
Rebounded	Verb	To recover or bounce back after a decline or setback	Recover, Resurge	“The birth rate rebounded after 1950.”
At	Preposition	Used to indicate a specific time or position	During, In	“The population reached 50 million at the end of the period.”
From	Preposition	Used to indicate the starting point of a range or period	Starting, Beginning	“The data spans from 1700 to 2000.”

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