Government Spending as a Percentage of GDP in Three Areas (2000–2025)

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Line Graph

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IELTS Writing Task 1 Question

The given graph shows the past and projected figures of the government spending as a percentage of GDP for the years 2000 to 2025 in three areas. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

43-Government Spending as a Percentage of GDP in Three Areas (2000–2025)

Common Questions for the Line Graph

1. Graph Type: Line Graph

2. Title: Government Spending as a Percentage of GDP in Three Areas (2000–2025)

3. What are the units of measurement?: Percentage of GDP

4. Who: Government expenditure in education, health, and transport (roads and railways)

5. When: 2000 to 2025 (includes projections from the present time onward)

6. Where: Not specified

7. Topic: Trends in government spending on education, health, and roads/railways

Comparison Showing and Trends Any change over time (such as an increase or a decrease) is a trend.

Comparison 1: Education Spending

Details:

1. Highest in 2000 at 5%, declining steadily to 4.1% in the present time.

2.Projected to decrease further to 3.9% by 2025.

Comparison 2: Health Spending

Details:

1. Started at 4% in 2000, increasing moderately to 5.6% by 2005

2. Continued rising slightly and is forecast to grow significantly to 7.5% by 2025.

Comparison 3: Roads and Railways Spending

Details:

1.Increased from 4% in 2000 to 4.5% by 2005, then fell sharply to 3% by 2010.

2. Recovered to 3.6% in the present time, with a slight increase projected until 2020, followed by a marginal decline.

Sample Answer

The line graph illustrates government spending as a percentage of GDP in three sectors—education, health, and roads/railways—from 2000 to the present, with projections extending to 2025.

Overall, spending on education shows a downward trend, health expenditure rises steadily, and spending on roads/railways fluctuates.

In 2000, education accounted for the highest proportion of GDP at 5%, but it has steadily declined to 4.1% today and is projected to decrease further to 3.9% by 2025. Conversely, health spending began at 4% in 2000, growing gradually to 5.6% by 2005 and continuing to rise to approximately 6% today. By 2025, it is expected to increase significantly to 7.5%, making it the largest expenditure category.

Spending on roads and railways started at 4% in 2000, rising slightly to 4.5% by 2005 before experiencing a sharp decline to 3% by 2010. Since then, it has recovered to 3.6%, with a small increase anticipated until 2020, followed by a slight drop thereafter.

Top 28 Vocabularies

Vocabulary (type)	Type	Meaning	Synonyms	Examples
Expenditure	Noun	The amount of money spent	Spending, Outlay	Health expenditure is projected to rise by 2025.
Projection	Noun	A forecast or estimate for the future	Prediction, Forecast	Projections indicate declining spending on education.
Fluctuation	Noun	Irregular rising and falling in level	Variation, Oscillation	Spending on transport showed significant fluctuations.
Marginal	Adjective	Slight or minimal	Minor, Insignificant	Transport spending is expected to decline marginally after 2020.
Dominant	Adjective	Most important or influential	Leading, Prevalent	Health is set to become the dominant area of spending.
Allocation	Noun	The distribution of resources or funds	Distribution, Assignment	“The allocation of funds to education has decreased over time.”
Decline	Noun/Verb	A gradual decrease in amount or value	Reduction, Drop	“Education spending is experiencing a steady decline.”
Anticipate	Verb	To expect or predict something	Predict, Foresee	“A small increase in health spending is anticipated by 2025.”
Recover	Verb	To return to a normal or improved state	Rebound, Improve	“Spending on transport recovered to 3.6% after 2010.”
Gradual	Adjective	Happening slowly over time	Slow, Progressive	“Health spending grew gradually over the decades.”
Declining	Adjective	Becoming lower or less	Decreasing, Reducing	“Education spending has been on a declining trend.”
Category	Noun	A group or division in a system	Class, Division	“Health spending is projected to become the largest category.”
Irregular	Adjective	Not consistent or even	Uneven, Unstable	“Spending on transport showed irregular fluctuations.”
Predicted	Verb	Forecasted or expected to happen	Projected, Estimated	“Health is predicted to dominate spending by 2025.”
Peak	Verb/Noun	To reach the highest point	Summit, High	“Transport spending peaked at 4.5% in 2005.”
Steady	Adjective	Stable and continuous	Consistent, Constant	“Health spending has seen steady growth since 2000.”
Downward	Adjective	Moving toward a lower position	Declining, Reducing	“Education spending follows a downward trend.”
Forecast	Noun/Verb	A prediction or estimate of future events	Prediction, Outlook	“The forecast indicates a rise in health expenditure.”
Proportion	Noun	A part or share of a whole	Percentage, Fraction	“Education spending represented the highest proportion in 2000.”
Segment	Noun	A part or division of something	Section, Portion	“Transport spending is a smaller segment of the GDP allocation.”
Consistent	Adjective	Showing regularity or steadiness	Stable, Uniform	“Health spending has shown consistent growth over the years.”
Significant	Adjective	Having a noticeable or important effect	Notable, Major	“The increase in health spending is significant by 2025.”
Surpass	Verb	To exceed or go beyond	Exceed, Outpace	“Health expenditure will surpass education spending.”
Stagnant	Adjective	Showing no activity or progress	Inactive, Static	“Transport spending remained stagnant after 2020.”
Notable	Adjective	Worthy of attention or notice	Remarkable, Significant	“A notable decrease occurred in education spending.”
Fluctuate	Verb	To change frequently and irregularly	Vary, Oscillate	“Transport spending fluctuated after 2005.”
Consistently	Adverb	In a regular and stable manner	Steadily, Uniformly	“Health spending has consistently increased since 2000.”
Reduction	Noun	The act of making something smaller	Decrease, Cut	“There was a significant reduction in transport spending.”

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