Comparison of Stone Tool Development Over Time

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Diagram

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IELTS Writing Task 1 Question

The graphs below show the development of the cutting tools made by stone, one was made 1.4 million years ago, and the other was made 800 thousand years ago, viewing from back view, front view and side view. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

165 - Comparison of Stone Tool Development Over Time

Common Questions for the Diagram

1. Diagram Type: Development Diagram

2. Title: Comparison of Stone Tool Development Over Time

3. What are the units of measurement? Centimeters (cm)

4. Who: Early humans using stone tools

5. When: 1.4 million years ago and 800 thousand years ago

6. Where: Prehistoric setting

7. Topic: Evolution of stone cutting tools over time

Detailed Process and Observations

Summary of Data: The diagrams display the cutting tools made by stone, illustrating the advancement from 1.4 million years ago to 800 thousand years ago, through views from the back, front, and side.

1. Description of the Stone Tool from 1.4 Million Years Ago:

- Shape and Diameter: Rounded at the top and bottom edges, the tool had a diameter of approximately 5 cm at the middle and narrowed to around 3 cm at the top and bottom.
- Structure: The side view shows a widening in the middle, around 3 cm, while tapering toward the top and bottom ends.
- Detailing: The back of the tool shows fewer, less precise cuts than the front.

2. Improvements in the Stone Tool from 800 Thousand Years Ago:

- Shape and Sharpening: This newer tool is more refined, with sharper, more pointed ends. The maximum diameter remains close to 5 cm but shifts lower in the structure.
- Side Width: The side view shows a significantly narrower tool, with a width of around 1.5 cm compared to the older tool.
- Detailing: The stone surface is more chiseled and polished than the previous version, giving it a more precise and sharp-edged appearance.

Sample Answer

The diagrams compare two stone cutting tools made 1.4 million years ago and 800 thousand years ago, showing their development from a rounded, basic tool into a sharper, more refined one.

Overall, this development illustrates a significant advancement in stone tool technology, showing increased precision and functionality over time.

The tool from 1.4 million years ago appears rounded at the top and bottom, with a maximum diameter of 5 cm in the middle and around 3 cm at the ends. The side view reveals a wider, more irregular shape with minimal tapering, and the back view shows fewer, less precise cuts.

By 800 thousand years ago, the tool’s design had improved significantly. Its shape became more pointed, with both ends tapering sharply to 1 cm points. The tool’s middle diameter remained around 5 cm, but it was located lower on the structure. The side view highlights a reduction in width to 1.5 cm, making it narrower and more refined. Additionally, the stone surface had more chiselled detailing, creating a sharper, finer edge.

Top 27 Vocabulary

Vocabulary	Meaning	Synonyms	Examples	Vocabulary Type
Diameter	The measurement across the widest part of a circle or sphere	Width, breadth	The tool’s middle diameter was around 5 cm.	Noun
Taper	To gradually narrow towards one end	Thin out, diminish	The tool tapered toward the top and bottom.	Verb
Refined	Improved to be more precise or sophisticated	Enhanced, polished	The newer tool was sharper and more refined.	Adjective
Chiseled	Cut or shaped with precision	Carved, sculpted	The stone was more chiseled in the second version.	Adjective
Development	The process of evolving or advancing	Evolution, progress	The tool shows clear development in its design over time.	Noun
Tool	An object used to perform a function or task	Instrument, implement	“The tools were used to cut and shape stone.”	Noun
Advancement	The process of improving or developing something	Improvement, progress	“The tool shows a significant advancement in design.”	Noun
Significant	Important or notable in effect or size	Noteworthy, remarkable	“The development of the tool was significant over time.”	Adjective
Precision	The quality of being exact or accurate	Exactness, accuracy	“The second tool showed much greater precision.”	Noun
Functionality	The quality of being able to perform a specific task	Usefulness, practicality	“The newer tool had improved functionality for its purpose.”	Noun
Irregular	Not following a regular pattern or shape	Uneven, uneven	“The first tool had a more irregular shape.”	Adjective
Shape	The external form or appearance of something	Form, structure	“The shape of the tool changed significantly over time.”	Noun
Sharp	Having a fine or pointed edge, capable of cutting	Pointed, keen	“The second tool was much sharper than the first one.”	Adjective
Edge	The sharp boundary of a tool or surface	Border, rim	“The edge of the tool was finely chiselled.”	Noun
Surface	The outermost layer or boundary of an object	Exterior, face	“The surface of the second tool was more refined.”	Noun
Minimal	A small or insignificant amount	Slight, negligible	“The tool had minimal tapering at the top and bottom.”	Adjective
Width	The measurement of something from side to side	Breadth, span	“The tool’s width was reduced to 1.5 cm.”	Noun
Maximum	The largest possible amount or value	Peak, greatest	“The maximum diameter of the tool was 5 cm.”	Adjective
Round	Having a shape that is circular or spherical	Circular, spherical	“The tool from 1.4 million years ago was rounded.”	Adjective
Back view	The perspective of an object from the rear	Rearview, reverse	“The back view shows fewer and less precise cuts.”	Noun
Front view	The perspective of an object from the front	Foreview, frontal	“The front view of the tool shows its pointed design.”	Noun
Side view	The perspective of an object from the side	Lateral view, profile	“The side view shows a more refined shape.”	Noun
Structure	The arrangement of parts or elements of something	Configuration, layout	“The structure of the tool evolved to be more efficient.”	Noun
Toolmaking	The process of crafting or manufacturing tools	Craftsmanship, fabrication	“Toolmaking evolved significantly in this period.”	Noun
Refinement	The process of improving something to be more precise or pure	Enhancement, polishing	“Refinement of the design was evident in the second tool.”	Noun
Gradual	Happening slowly or over time	Steady, slow	“The change in the tool’s design was gradual.”	Adjective
Carved	Shaped by cutting or scraping	Sculpted, engraved	“The second tool was more finely carved.”	Verb/Adjective

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