Employment Types in 1998 and 2001

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Diagram

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IELTS Writing Task 1 Question

Write a report for a university tutor describing the information shown.

Common Questions for the Combination

1. Diagram Type: Bar Charts

2. Title: Employment Types in 1998 and 2001

3. What are the units of measurement? Percentage of the workforce

4. Who: University tutors, labor economists, researchers

5. When: 1998 and 2001

6. Where: General, potentially an international or national labor study

7. Topic: Changes in employment types between 1998 and 2001

Detailed Process and Observations

Summary of Data: The two charts illustrate the distribution of employment types—casual, unemployed, full-time job, part-time job, self-employed, and contract—among the workforce in 1998 and 2001. It is evident that full-time workers were the largest group in both years, although their percentage decreased, while the proportion of unemployed people and contract workers increased.

Full-Time Employment: In 1998, full-time workers made up 37% of the workforce, but this dropped to 28% by 2001.
Part-Time Employment: Part-time workers accounted for 27% in 1998 and fell to 20% in 2001.
Self-Employed: The percentage of self-employed workers remained steady at 19% in both years.
Contract Workers: The proportion of contract workers saw a significant rise from 12% to 18%.
Casual and Unemployed: Casual workers remained at 3%, while the number of unemployed workers rose dramatically, increasing from 2% in 1998 to 7% in 2001.

Sample Answer

The two charts present data on various employment types in 1998 and 2001.

Overall, it is apparent that full-time employment was the most common form of employment in both years, though its share of the workforce declined, while other types of employment saw noticeable shifts.

In 1998, 37% of people held full-time jobs, followed by 27% in part-time positions, 19% self-employed, and 12% on contract. Casual workers and the unemployed made up just 3% and 2%, respectively.

However, by 2001, the percentage of full-time workers dropped to 28%, and part-time workers decreased to 20%. The proportion of self-employed individuals remained constant at 19%, but contract workers increased significantly to 18%. The most notable change occurred in unemployment, which more than tripled to 7%.

Top 27 Vocabulary

Vocabulary	Meaning	Synonyms	Examples	Vocabulary Type
Proportion	The part or share of a whole	Percentage, fraction, part	Full-time workers made up the largest proportion of the workforce.	Noun
Shift	A change or move in position or direction	Change, movement, alteration	There was a noticeable shift in the number of contract workers.	Noun
Dramatically	In a striking, noticeable manner	Significantly, substantially	Unemployment rose dramatically between 1998 and 2001.	Adverb
Steady	Constant or unchanging	Stable, consistent, constant	The proportion of self-employed workers remained steady.	Adverb
Decline	A decrease or reduction	Fall, drop, decrease	The percentage of full-time workers showed a decline.	Noun
Employment	The condition of having a paid job	Work, occupation	“Employment types varied significantly between 1998 and 2001.”	Noun
Casual	Temporary or irregular in nature	Temporary, informal	“Casual workers accounted for only a small percentage in both years.”	Adjective
Workforce	The total number of people employed or available for work	Labor force, employees	“The workforce composition shifted noticeably by 2001.”	Noun
Contractual	Relating to an agreement or contract	Binding, formal	“Contractual employment saw a significant rise over the three years.”	Adjective
Unemployment	The state of not having a job	Joblessness, redundancy	“Unemployment more than tripled between 1998 and 2001.”	Noun
Proportionate	Corresponding in size or amount	Balanced, relative	“The rise in unemployment was proportionate to the drop in full-time jobs.”	Adjective
Self-employed	Working for oneself rather than for an employer	Freelance, independent	“The percentage of self-employed individuals remained unchanged.”	Adjective
Variation	A change or difference in condition or level	Fluctuation, diversity	“There was significant variation in employment types over the years.”	Noun
Prominent	Standing out or being easily noticeable	Dominant, notable	“Full-time employment remained the most prominent category in both years.”	Adjective
Increment	An increase or addition, especially in a series	Rise, gain	“The increment in contract workers was substantial.”	Noun
Constitute	To make up or form a part of something	Comprise, account for	“Full-time workers constituted the largest share in 1998.”	Verb
Surge	A sudden increase	Jump, escalation	“The unemployment rate experienced a surge between 1998 and 2001.”	Noun
Distribution	The way something is spread or allocated	Allocation, division	“The distribution of employment types showed major changes over the years.”	Noun
Fluctuate	To rise and fall irregularly in number or amount	Vary, oscillate	“Part-time employment fluctuated between 1998 and 2001.”	Verb
Stagnant	Showing no change or growth	Unchanging, static	“Self-employment figures were stagnant over the period.”	Adjective
Transformation	A thorough or dramatic change in form or appearance	Change, shift	“There was a transformation in the composition of the workforce.”	Noun
Notable	Worthy of attention or notice	Significant, remarkable	“The increase in contract workers was particularly notable.”	Adjective
Contract	A formal agreement between two or more parties	Agreement, deal	“The rise in contract employment highlights a shift in work preferences.”	Noun
Composition	The makeup or structure of something	Structure, arrangement	“The workforce composition saw notable changes over the three years.”	Noun
Plummet	To fall or drop suddenly and steeply	Decrease, plunge	“Full-time employment plummeted by 9% over the observed period.”	Verb

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