Anesthesiology Reading Answer
IELTS Academic Reading Passage![](https://www.ieltsvisa.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Anesthesiology.png)
Since the beginning of time, man has sought natural remedies for pain. Between 40 and 60 A.D., Greet? physician, Dioscorides traveled with the Roman armies, studying the medicinal properties of plants and minerals. His book, De materia medica, written in five volumes and translated into at least seven languages, was the primary reference source for physicians for over sixteen centuries. The field of anesthesiology1, which was once nothing more than a list of medicinal plants and makeshift remedies, has grown into one of the most important fields in medicine.
Many of the early pain relievers were based on myth and did little to relieve the suffering of an ill or injured person. The mandragora (now known as the mandrabe plant) was one of the first plants to be used as an anesthetic1. Due to the apparent screaming that the plant made as it was pulled from the ground, people in the Middle Ages believed that the person who removed the mandrabe from the earth would either die or go insane. This superstition may have resulted because the split root of the mandrabe resembled the human form. In order to pull the root from the ground, the plant collector would loosen it and tie the stem to an animal. It was believed that the safest time to uproot a mandrabe was in the moonlight, and the best animal to use was a black dog. In his manual, Dioscorides suggested boiling the root with wine and having a man drinb the potion to remove sensation before cutting his flesh or burning his skin. Opium and Indian hemp were later used to induce sleep before a painful procedure or to relieve the pain of an illness. Other remedies such as cocaine did more harm to the patient than good as people died from their addictions. President Ulysses S. Grant became addicted to cocaine before he died of throat cancer in 1885.
The modern field of anesthetics dates to the incident when nitrous oxide (more commonly known as laughing gas) was accidentally discovered. Humphrey Davy, the inventor of the miner’s lamp, discovered that inhaling the toxic compound caused a strange euphoria, followed by fits of laughter, tears, and sometimes unconsciousness. U.S. dentist, Horace Wells, was the first on record to experiment with laughing gas, which he used in 1844 to relieve pain during a tooth extraction. Two years later. Dr. William Morton created the first anesthetic machine. This apparatus was a simple glass globe containing an ether-soaked sponge. Morton considered ether a good alternative to nitrous oxide because the numbing effect lasted considerably longer. His apparatus allowed the patient to inhale vapors1 whenever the pain became unbearable. In 1846, during a trial experiment in Boston, a tumor2 was successfully removed from a man’s jaw area while he was anesthetized with Morton’s machine.
The first use of anesthesia in the obstetric field occurred in Scotland by Dr. James Simpson. Instead of ether, which he considered irritating to the eyes, Simpson administered chloroform to reduce the pain of childbirth. Simpson sprinkled chloroform on a handkerchief and allowed laboring3 women to inhale the fumes at their own discretion. In 1853, Queen Victoria agreed to use chloroform during the birth of her eighth child. Soon the use of chloroform during childbirth was both acceptable and fashionable. However, as chloroform became a more popular anesthetic, knowledge of its toxicity surfaced, and it was soon obsolete.
After World War II, numerous developments were made in the field of anesthetics. Surgical procedures that had been unthinkable were being performed with little or no pain felt by the patient. Rather than physicians or nurses who administered pain relief as part of their profession, anesthesiologists became specialists in suppressing consciousness and alleviating pain. Anesthesiologists today are classified as perioperative physicians, meaning they take care of a patient before, during, and after surgical procedures. It takes over eight years of schooling and four years of residency until an anesthesiologist is prepared to practice in the United States. These experts are trained to administer three different types of anesthetics: general, local, and regional. General anesthetic is used to put a patient into a temporary state of unconsciousness. Local anesthetic is used only at the affected site and causes a loss of sensation. Regional anesthetic is used to block the sensation and possibly the movement of a larger portion of the body. As u/ell as controlling the levels of pain for the patient before and throughout an operation, anesthesiologists are responsible for monitoring and controlling the patient’s vital functions during the procedure and assessing the medical needs in the post-operative room.
The number of anesthesiologists in the United States has more than doubled since the 1970s, as has the improvement and success of operative care. In addition, complications from anesthesiology have declined dramatically. Over 40 million anesthetics are administered in the United States each year, with only 1 in 250,000 causing death.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information in Passage 3? In boxes 1-6 on your Answer Sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the passage.
NOT GIVEN inhere is no information about this in the passage.
1. Dioscorides’ book, De materia medica, fell out of use after 60 A.D.
2. Mandragora was used as an anesthetic during the Middle Ages.
3. Nitrous oxide can cause the user to both laugh and cry,
4. During the second half of the 19th century, most dentists used anesthesia.
5. Anesthesiologists in the United States are required to have 12 years of education and training.
6. There are fewer anesthesiologists in the United States now than in the past.
Questions 7-12
Match each fact about anesthesia with the type of anesthetic that it refers to.
There are more types of anesthetics listed than facts, so you won’t use them all.
Write the correct letter, A-H in boxes 7-12 on your Answer Sheet.
Types of Anesthetic
A general anesthetic
B local anesthetic
C regional anesthetic
D chloroform
E ether
F nitrous oxide
G opium
H mandrake
7. used by sprinkling on a handkerchief
8. used on only one specific part of the body
9. used by boiling with wine
10. used first during a den tal procedure
11. used to stop feeling over a larger area of the body
12. used in the first anesthetic machine
Solution:Anesthesiology Reading Answer
1. FALSE | 7. D |
2. TRUE | 8. B |
3. TRUE | 9. H |
4. NOT GIVEN | 10. F |
5. TRUE | 11. C |
6. FALSE | 12. E |
Latest Academic Reading Passages
![Mind Readers Reading Answer](https://www.ieltsvisa.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Mind-readers.png)
Mind Readers Reading Answer
It may one day be possible to eavesdrop on another person’s inner voice. As you begin to read this article and your eyes follow the words across the page, you may be aware of a voice in your head silently muttering along. The very same thing...
![New Rules For The Paper Game Reading Answer](https://www.ieltsvisa.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/New-Book-Releases.png)
New Rules For The Paper Game Reading Answer
1. Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paperless office. But, contrary to expectation, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating. In fact, consumption, especially of printing and...
![Martin Luther King Reading Answer](https://www.ieltsvisa.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Martin-Luther-King.png)
Martin Luther King Reading Answer
A Martin Luther King was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the son of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. He had an older sister, Willie Christine King, and a younger brother Alfred Daniel...
![Nature Works For Nature Work PLA Reading Answer](https://www.ieltsvisa.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nature-works-for-Nature-Work-PLA.png)
Nature Works For Nature Work PLA Reading Answer
A A dozen years ago, scientists at Cargill got the idea of converting lactic acid made from corn into plastic while examining possible new uses for materials produced from corn wet milling processes. In the past, several efforts had been made...
![Numeracy: Can Animals Tell Numbers? (Can Animals Count?) Reading Answer](https://www.ieltsvisa.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Numeracy_-can-animals-tell-numbers_-Can-animals-count_.png)
Numeracy: Can Animals Tell Numbers? (Can Animals Count?) Reading Answer
A Prime among basic numerical faculties is the ability to distinguish between a larger and a smaller, says psychologist Elizabeth Brannon. Humans can do this with ease – providing the ratio is big enough – but do other animals share this...
No Results Found
The page you requested could not be found. Try refining your search, or use the navigation above to locate the post.