Global Water Distribution and Its Usage in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Canada

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Combination Pie Charts and Column Graph

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IELTS Writing Task 1 Question

The charts below give information about the amount and types of water in the world, and also tell the use of water in three areas in three countries. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

78 -Global Water Distribution and Its Usage in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Canada

Common Questions for the Chart

1. Graph Type: Pie Charts and Column Graph

2. Title: Global Water Distribution and Its Usage in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Canada

3. What are the units of measurement?: Percentage

4. Who: The global population and specific countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Canada)

5. What does the chart depict?: The quantity and types of water in the world, along with the usage of fresh water in three countries

6. When: Data not specified but generally represents recent statistics

7. Where: Worldwide and in three specific countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Canada)

8. Topic: Water distribution and consumption

Main Features and Trends General Observations:

Comparison 1: Global Water Distribution

Details:

1. The first pie chart highlights that a staggering 97.5% of the world’s water is saline, leaving only 2.5% as fresh water. This emphasizes the scarcity of fresh water globally.

Comparison 2: Types of Fresh Water

Details:

1. The second pie chart reveals that more than two-thirds (69.8%) of fresh water is locked in glaciers and permanent snow, while just under one-third (29.9%) exists as fresh underground water. A negligible fraction (0.3%) represents renewable fresh water, illustrating the limited availability for direct human use.

Comparison 3: Water Usage in Different Countries

Details:

1.The column graph shows that both Egypt and Saudi Arabia primarily use fresh water for agriculture, with 40% and 50% of their water used respectively. In contrast, Canada has a different pattern, with the largest share (47%) allocated to industrial use, followed by 30% for agriculture and 18% for domestic purposes.

Sample Answer

The provided pie charts illustrate the distribution of water types globally, while the accompanying column graph presents the allocation of freshwater usage in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Canada.

The first pie chart shows that a predominant 97.5% of the world’s water is saline, leaving only a mere 2.5% as fresh water. The second pie chart breaks down the fresh water, revealing that over two-thirds (69.8%) is found in glaciers and permanent snow, with fresh underground water making up nearly one-third (29.9%). A tiny fraction (0.3%) is renewable freshwater, underscoring its scarcity.

Examining the column graph, both Egypt and Saudi Arabia utilize a significant proportion of their fresh water for agriculture, with 40% and 50%, respectively. In contrast, Canada allocates the largest share (47%) of its fresh water for industrial use, with 30% for agriculture and 18% for domestic purposes.

Overall, these charts highlight the critical scarcity of fresh water, with only a small fraction being available for various uses across different countries.

Top 29 Vocabularies

Vocabulary	Meaning	Synonyms	Examples	Type
Saline	Containing or having the characteristics of salt	Briny, salty	“97.5% of the world’s water is saline.”	Adjective
Scarcity	The state of being in short supply, rarity	Shortage, lack	“Freshwater scarcity is a global concern.”	Noun
Allocation	The action of distributing something for a specific purpose	Distribution, apportionment	“Water allocation varies between countries.”	Noun
Glacier	A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land	Ice cap, icefield	“Most of the world’s freshwater is found in glaciers.”	Noun
Domestic	Relating to the running of a home or to family life	Household, family	“18% of Canada’s water is used for domestic purposes.”	Adjective
Illustrate	To explain or make clear using examples or visuals	Depict, Represent	“The pie charts illustrate the distribution of water types globally.”	Verb
Predominant	Being the most noticeable or largest in amount	Main, Dominant	“Saline water is the predominant type globally.”	Adjective
Fraction	A small part or portion of something	Segment, Part	“Only a tiny fraction of water is renewable freshwater.”	Noun
Renewable	Capable of being replenished or restored	Sustainable, Replenishable	“Renewable freshwater accounts for just 0.3% of global water.”	Adjective
Underscore	To emphasize the importance of something	Highlight, Stress	“The data underscores the scarcity of freshwater.”	Verb
Distribution	The way in which something is shared or spread	Allocation, Spread	“The distribution of freshwater varies greatly by source.”	Noun
Proportion	A part, share, or number in relation to a whole	Percentage, Ratio	“A large proportion of freshwater is locked in glaciers.”	Noun
Accompanying	Occurring along with or in addition to	Related, Supplementary	“The accompanying graph shows water usage by country.”	Adjective
Utilize	To make practical use of something	Use, Employ	“Egypt and Saudi Arabia utilize water predominantly for agriculture.”	Verb
Scarce	Limited or hard to obtain	Rare, Insufficient	“Freshwater is a scarce resource globally.”	Adjective
Allocation	The action of dividing and assigning resources	Assignment, Distribution	“Freshwater allocation differs among regions.”	Noun
Examine	To look at or study something carefully	Analyze, Inspect	“The column graph examines freshwater usage by sector.”	Verb
Significant	Sufficiently important or large enough to notice	Substantial, Major	“Significant amounts of freshwater are used for agriculture.”	Adjective
Critical	Extremely important or vital	Essential, Crucial	“Freshwater scarcity is a critical issue worldwide.”	Adjective
Sector	A specific area of activity, especially economic	Division, Category	“Water use varies significantly by sector across countries.”	Noun
Allocate	To assign resources for a specific purpose	Apportion, Distribute	“Countries allocate water differently based on their needs.”	Verb
Contrast	To compare in a way that highlights differences	Differ, Compare	“The graph contrasts water usage in three countries.”	Verb/Noun
Predicted	Expected to happen based on current knowledge	Forecasted, Projected	“Water scarcity is predicted to worsen in the coming decades.”	Adjective/Verb
Consumption	The act of using up a resource	Use, Utilization	“Water consumption for industrial purposes is highest in Canada.”	Noun
Percentage	A portion of 100	Fraction, Proportion	“A small percentage of freshwater is used for domestic purposes.”	Noun
Global	Relating to the entire world	Worldwide, Universal	“Global water resources are unevenly distributed.”	Adjective
Availability	The state of being able to be used or accessed	Accessibility, Supply	“Freshwater availability is limited in some regions.”	Noun
Sectoral	Relating to a specific economic or activity sector	Divisional, Regional	“Sectoral water use varies in Egypt and Canada.”	Adjective
Prominent	Easily noticeable or important	Noticeable, Leading	“Agriculture remains a prominent use of freshwater in Egypt.”	Adjective

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